{
  "version": "1.1.3",
  "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
      "note": "RDW: driving with a foreign licence (NL)",
      "verified": "2026-09-04"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "note": "RDW: driving with a foreign licence (EN)",
      "verified": "2026-09-03"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/vraag-en-antwoord/rijbewijs/mag-ik-met-mijn-buitenlandse-rijbewijs-in-nederland-aan-het-verkeer-deelnemen",
      "note": "Rijksoverheid Q&A: driving with a foreign licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0006622/2026-01-01",
      "note": "Wegenverkeerswet 1994 art. 108 lid 1 onder g: the statutory basis of the non-EU 185-day window; contains no residence-at-issue condition",
      "verified": "2026-09-04"
    }
  ],
  "rules": [
    {
      "id": "V-VISITOR",
      "applies_to": "not_brp_registered",
      "outcome": "valid_while_visiting",
      "description": "Visitors not registered in the BRP may drive on their valid foreign licence. The clocks below start at BRP registration (or run from the issue date for EU/EFTA licences). An International Driving Permit is recommended (not required) when the licence categories are not labelled A/B/C/D/E.",
      "source": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/vraag-en-antwoord/rijbewijs/mag-ik-met-mijn-buitenlandse-rijbewijs-in-nederland-aan-het-verkeer-deelnemen",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-EXPIRED",
      "applies_to": "expired_licence",
      "outcome": "not_valid",
      "exception_special": "temporary_protection_ukraine",
      "description": "An expired foreign licence is not valid for driving in the Netherlands. Exception: Ukrainian licences under the Temporary Protection Directive (V-UA-TP).",
      "month_precision": "An expiry given as month + year is read as the last day of that month (1.1.3): a licence printed 09/2026 is valid through 30 September 2026. Issue and BRP dates are read as the first of the month.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-EU-ISSUED-AFTER-BRP",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "EU",
        "EEA_EFTA"
      ],
      "condition": "issue_date_after_brp_registration",
      "outcome": "not_valid",
      "description": "An EU/EFTA licence issued while the holder was already living in the Netherlands may not be driven on in the Netherlands; it must be exchanged via the gemeente.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-EU-ISSUE-BRP-SAME-MONTH",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "EU",
        "EEA_EFTA"
      ],
      "condition": "issue_month_equals_brp_month_and_days_unknown",
      "outcome": "not_valid_until_order_confirmed",
      "description": "Your licence was issued in the same month you registered in the Netherlands, and the checker only knows the month. If it was issued after your registration day, you may not drive on it here and must exchange it via the gemeente; if it was issued before, the normal EU/EFTA rules apply. Check the exact days on your licence and on your BRP registration, and confirm via the official RDW checklist. Until then, do not rely on this licence for driving here.",
      "note": "Precision rule, not a new legal claim: applies V-EU-ISSUED-AFTER-BRP when month-level dates cannot order the two events. Same source.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-EU-OLD-2Y",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "EU",
        "EEA_EFTA"
      ],
      "condition": "issued_more_than_years_ago",
      "condition_years": 15,
      "outcome": "valid_until",
      "period_days": null,
      "period_years": 2,
      "measured_from": "brp_registration_date",
      "description": "An EU/EFTA licence issued more than 15 years ago but still valid may be used for 2 more years from the date the holder came to live in the Netherlands.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-EU-15Y",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "EU",
        "EEA_EFTA"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "AM",
        "A1",
        "A2",
        "A",
        "B",
        "BE"
      ],
      "outcome": "valid_until",
      "period_years": 15,
      "measured_from": "licence_issue_date",
      "capped_by_licence_expiry": true,
      "description": "EU/EFTA licences (categories AM, A1, A2, A, B, BE) are valid in the Netherlands for 15 years from the licence issue date, provided the licence itself is still valid.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-EU-5Y-CD",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "EU",
        "EEA_EFTA"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "C1",
        "C",
        "D1",
        "D",
        "C1E",
        "CE",
        "D1E",
        "DE"
      ],
      "outcome": "valid_until",
      "period_years": 5,
      "measured_from": "licence_issue_date",
      "capped_by_licence_expiry": true,
      "description": "EU/EFTA licences for categories C1, C, D1, D and their E variants are valid in the Netherlands for a maximum of 5 years from the issue date.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-NONEU-185D",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "NL_CARIBBEAN",
        "DESIGNATED",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "outcome": "valid_until",
      "period_days": 185,
      "measured_from": "brp_registration_date",
      "count_registration_day": true,
      "capped_by_licence_expiry": true,
      "description": "A non-EU/EFTA licence is valid for 185 days from the date of BRP registration (registration day counted). After that, only a Dutch licence is valid.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
      "source_legal": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0006622/2026-01-01",
      "verified": "2026-09-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-NONEU-ISSUED-AFTER-BRP",
      "applies_to_groups": [
        "NL_CARIBBEAN",
        "DESIGNATED",
        "OTHER"
      ],
      "condition": "issue_date_after_brp_registration",
      "outcome": "note_confirm_rdw",
      "description": "Your licence was issued after you registered in the Netherlands. The law (Wegenverkeerswet 1994 art. 108 lid 1 onder g) grants the 185-day window from the day you settled here without any condition on when the licence was issued, but the RDW pages describe a licence obtained before relocating. Confirm your case via the official RDW checklist before relying on the window.",
      "source": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0006622/2026-01-01",
      "verified": "2026-09-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "V-UA-TP",
      "applies_to_special": "temporary_protection_ukraine",
      "outcome": "valid_indefinitely_while_protected",
      "description": "Holders of a Ukrainian licence covered by the Temporary Protection Directive (residence title 46) may continue driving in the Netherlands, even if the licence has expired, for as long as the temporary protection applies.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  ]
}