{
  "version": "1.1.4",
  "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/rijbewijs-halen/auto/wat-kost-het-halen-van-een-autorijbewijs",
      "note": "CBR: average 41 lesson hours; 80% pay €50–€72/hr; average total €3,320",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://rijloket.nl/kosten",
      "note": "Rijloket survey June 2026, median €67/60 min, 3,520 schools (market data)",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://rijloket.nl/kosten/rijles-kosten-per-stad",
      "note": "Rijloket per-city medians (market data)",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://dutchdriverslicense.com/rates/",
      "note": "LIMA Amsterdam: experienced-driver packages (school-sourced estimate)",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://drivinglessonsamsterdam.com/",
      "note": "Drivinglessonsamsterdam: experienced-driver package (school-sourced estimate)",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  ],
  "lesson_counts": {
    "beginner": {
      "label": "Never held a licence",
      "low": 30,
      "typical": 41,
      "high": 45,
      "note": "CBR: on average 41 lesson hours are needed (range roughly 22–54+).",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/rijbewijs-halen/auto/wat-kost-het-halen-van-een-autorijbewijs",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "experienced_abroad": {
      "label": "Experienced driver retesting",
      "low": 10,
      "typical": 15,
      "high": 20,
      "market_estimate": true,
      "note": "No official CBR figure exists. School packages for experienced foreign drivers start around 10 lessons (5 if very experienced); the default is the midpoint of the 10–20 band so the headline number is neither optimistic nor scary. The exam tests Dutch-specific behaviour, not whether you can drive.",
      "source": "https://dutchdriverslicense.com/rates/",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  },
  "lesson_prices_per_60min": {
    "national": {
      "median": 67,
      "source": "https://rijloket.nl/kosten",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "cities": {
      "amsterdam": {
        "median": 65,
        "english_school_high": 72
      },
      "den-haag": {
        "median": 65
      },
      "utrecht": {
        "median": 69
      },
      "rotterdam": {
        "median": 58.67
      },
      "eindhoven": {
        "median": 69
      },
      "leiden": {
        "median": 67,
        "note": "Not listed by Rijloket; national median used."
      }
    },
    "english_language_range": {
      "low": 54,
      "high": 72,
      "note": "Five English-language Amsterdam schools, 2026 rates."
    },
    "source": "https://rijloket.nl/kosten/rijles-kosten-per-stad",
    "verified": "2026-09-02"
  },
  "theory_course": {
    "low": 30,
    "typical": 50,
    "high": 129,
    "note": "English car theory prep, online or with a one-day class. Anchored on theory.nl (English-language provider; not the Dutch theorie.nl). Low: theory.nl online 2 weeks €29.95 (1 week €19.95, 1 month €39.95 'most chosen'). Middle: OnlineTheoryCourse 1 month €49; iTheorie complete €79. High: €129, theory.nl's list price for the one-day English classroom course including the online package (shown as 'Now €99 (from €129)', a standing discount); this site's maker took the online course plus that class in 2026 and passed. CBR exam fee never included.",
    "source": "https://theory.nl/",
    "sources_extra": [
      "https://theory.nl/purchase/",
      "https://theoryinamsterdam.nl/",
      "https://itheorie.nl/en/for-driving-schools",
      "https://www.onlinetheorycourse.nl/"
    ],
    "verified": "2026-09-05"
  },
  "exam_attempts": {
    "theory_english": {
      "default": 1.6,
      "note": "Based on the 35.9% pass rate of all English car theory exams in 2025 (not first-time). User-adjustable.",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/over-het-cbr/over/cbr-in-cijfers/open-data/open-data-berichten/1-januari-2025-tm-31-december-2025",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "practical": {
      "default": 1.5,
      "note": "Assumption; user-adjustable.",
      "source": null,
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  }
}