{
  "version": "1.1.1",
  "last_verified": "2026-09-02",
  "year": 2026,
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://vng.nl/nieuws/rijbewijstarief-2026",
      "note": "VNG: national municipal licence fee 2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "note": "CBR tariff table 2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/rijbewijs-halen/auto/wat-kost-het-halen-van-een-autorijbewijs",
      "note": "CBR: cost of a car licence (product codes)",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  ],
  "fees": {
    "gemeente_fee_max": {
      "label": "Municipal licence fee (national maximum)",
      "amount": 53.65,
      "breakdown": {
        "gemeente_part": 39.3,
        "rdw_part": 14.35
      },
      "source": "https://vng.nl/nieuws/rijbewijstarief-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "spoed_surcharge": {
      "label": "Expedited (spoed) surcharge",
      "amount": 39.65,
      "note": "Total expedited price €93.30. Eindhoven states no spoed option exists for exchanges; treat as not generally available for exchanges.",
      "source": "https://vng.nl/nieuws/rijbewijstarief-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "health_declaration": {
      "label": "Health declaration (Gezondheidsverklaring)",
      "amount": 46.9,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "theory_b_nl": {
      "label": "Theory exam B (Dutch)",
      "amount": 50.5,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "theory_b_en": {
      "label": "Theory exam B (English)",
      "amount": 57,
      "note": "€6.50 surcharge on the Dutch exam. English exists only for category B.",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "theory_extra_time_surcharge": {
      "label": "Theory extra-time surcharge",
      "amount": 13.5,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "theory_b_en_extra_time": {
      "label": "Theory exam B (English, extra time)",
      "amount": 70.5,
      "derived": true,
      "note": "Derived: €50.50 + €6.50 + €13.50. No official combined price row exists; the product (BTH-E-VE) exists in CBR open data.",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "theory_interpreter_exam": {
      "label": "Theory exam with interpreter / individually supervised",
      "amount": 118.5,
      "note": "Interpreter booked ≥14 days ahead via a contracted agency (thebigword, ELAN Languages, Mastertolken, Global Talk, Tolk2Go), paid separately; CBR publishes no agency fee.",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "interpreter_agency_fee": {
      "label": "Interpreter agency fee (per exam)",
      "amount": 238,
      "market_estimate": true,
      "note": "Paid to the agency, not the CBR. The CBR states the five contracted agencies use the same price and quality conditions but publishes no amount; Global Talk lists €238 incl. VAT for a theory exam and Tolk2Go 'from €238 per exam, everything included' (theory and practical). Market data from the agencies' own pages, hence still flagged as an estimate.",
      "source": "https://www.globaltalk.nl/dienst/tolken-bij-cbr-examen/",
      "sources_extra": [
        "https://www.tolk2go.com/nl/cbr",
        "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/reservering-examens-en-rijtesten/tolken-voor-theorie-examens-en-praktijkexamens"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "practical_b": {
      "label": "Practical exam B",
      "amount": 143.5,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "theory_a_nl": {
      "label": "Theory exam motorcycle (A1, A2, A), Dutch",
      "amount": 50.5,
      "note": "One tariff line covers motor (A), car (B) and moped (AM). No English version exists for A; use an interpreter.",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "theory_am_nl": {
      "label": "Theory exam moped (AM), Dutch",
      "amount": 50.5,
      "note": "One tariff line covers motor (A), car (B) and moped (AM). No English version exists for AM; use an interpreter.",
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "practical_a_avb": {
      "label": "Motorcycle practical, vehicle control (AVB)",
      "amount": 83,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "practical_a_avd": {
      "label": "Motorcycle practical, traffic participation (AVD)",
      "amount": 147,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "practical_am": {
      "label": "Practical exam moped (AM2)",
      "amount": 149,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "practical_be": {
      "label": "Practical exam car with trailer (BE)",
      "amount": 143.5,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-06"
    },
    "tussentijdse_toets": {
      "label": "Intermediate test (tussentijdse toets)",
      "amount": 143.5,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "faalangst_exam": {
      "label": "Test-anxiety practical exam (faalangstexamen)",
      "amount": 202,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "bnor_exam": {
      "label": "Nader onderzoek rijvaardigheid (BNOR)",
      "amount": 164,
      "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "sworn_translation": {
      "label": "Sworn translation of the licence",
      "range": {
        "low": 40,
        "typical": 55,
        "high": 90
      },
      "market_estimate": true,
      "note": "Base €39–€59 per document plus delivery/urgency extras.",
      "source": "https://www.beedigdevertalingonline.nl/vertalingen/rijbewijs",
      "sources_extra": [
        "https://translatorus.com/nl/blog/rijbewijs-vertalen",
        "https://urgentvertalen.nl/rijbewijs-vertalen/"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "passport_photo": {
      "label": "Passport photo (fotomatrix standard)",
      "range": {
        "low": 10,
        "typical": 15,
        "high": 20
      },
      "market_estimate": true,
      "note": "Unverified assumption: typical photo-booth/photographer price; not researched against named sources.",
      "source": null,
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  },
  "gemeente_overrides": {
    "amsterdam": {
      "name": "Amsterdam",
      "exchange_fee": 64.65,
      "note": "€11.00 above the national maximum, exchange product only; regular renewal is €53.65. No explanation on the page.",
      "appointment": "Walk in at any Stadsloket except Weesp (appointment needed there)",
      "timeline": "RDW letter after 2–4 weeks",
      "source": "https://www.amsterdam.nl/burgerzaken/paspoort-id-kaart-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs-omwisselen/",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "den-haag": {
      "name": "Den Haag",
      "exchange_fee": 53.65,
      "appointment": "Appointment at Publiekszaken (Stadhuis Spui / Stadskantoren Escamp, Laak)",
      "timeline": "Collect within 3 months or the licence is destroyed and you pay again",
      "source": "https://www.denhaag.nl/nl/rijbewijs/rijbewijs-buiten-eu-eer-of-zwitserland-omwisselen/",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "utrecht": {
      "name": "Utrecht",
      "exchange_fee": 53.65,
      "appointment": "Two appointments: one to apply, one to collect",
      "timeline": "About 4 weeks",
      "source": "https://loket.digitaal.utrecht.nl/nl/producten/rijbewijs-buitenland-omwisselen",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "rotterdam": {
      "name": "Rotterdam",
      "exchange_fee": 53.65,
      "appointment": "By appointment; pay at the desk",
      "timeline": "RDW letter within 15 working days, collect after 5 more",
      "source": "https://www.rotterdam.nl/buitenlands-rijbewijs-omwisselen",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "eindhoven": {
      "name": "Eindhoven",
      "exchange_fee": 53.65,
      "note": "No spoed option for exchanges. Page warns against driving while the application runs.",
      "appointment": "Book at eindhoven.mijnafspraakmaken.nl or call 14 040",
      "timeline": "Usually 2–4 weeks",
      "source": "https://www.eindhoven.nl/stad-en-wonen/uittreksels-en-documenten/omwisselen-buitenlands-rijbewijs-voor-nederlands-rijbewijs",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "leiden": {
      "name": "Leiden",
      "exchange_fee": 53.65,
      "appointment": "By appointment, Stadskantoor Bargelaan 190",
      "timeline": "Not stated",
      "source": "https://gemeente.leiden.nl/inwoners-en-ondernemers/paspoort-rijbewijs-uittreksels/rijbewijs/exchanging-foreign-driving-licence/",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  }
}