{
  "site": "https://drivingschools.nl",
  "page": "https://drivingschools.nl/exchange/morocco",
  "checker": "https://drivingschools.nl/check#c=MA",
  "rules_version": "1.2.2",
  "verified": "2026-09-02",
  "code": "MA",
  "name": "Morocco",
  "group": "OTHER",
  "rule_class": "other",
  "verdict": "The Dutch CBR exams. Unless you hold a 30% ruling (expat scheme) decision, which allows an exchange from any country.",
  "exchangeable_categories": [],
  "licence_script": "mixed",
  "answers": {
    "can_i_exchange_it": "Not directly. Morocco is not on the RDW agreement list, so the standard route is the Dutch exams: CBR theory (available in English) and a practical exam. Exception: holders of a 30%-ruling (expat scheme) decision can exchange a licence from any country.",
    "how_long_can_i_drive_on_it": "185 days from the date you register at a Dutch address (BRP registration). After that, you need a Dutch licence to drive here.",
    "translation": "Partly in another script: if your licence contains characters not used in the Netherlands, the gemeente needs a certified translation for an exchange."
  },
  "international_driving_permit": {
    "question": "Which International Driving Permit can Morocco issue, and do I need one?",
    "answer": "The RDW never requires an International Driving Permit for your 185 days; it advises one when the categories on your licence are not labelled A, B, C, D, E, so that they can be read. The permit is a translation of your licence, obtained in the issuing country, and it never extends the 185 days. Morocco is a party to both UN road traffic conventions: the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic since 29 December 1982 and the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic since 7 November 1956. Its permit follows the 1968 model: valid for three years after the date of issue or until your Morocco licence expires, whichever comes first. The Netherlands is a party to both conventions.",
    "status": "vienna",
    "vienna_1968": {
      "date": "1982-12-29",
      "type": "accession"
    },
    "geneva_1949": {
      "date": "1956-11-07",
      "type": "succession"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "RDW, driving with a foreign driving licence",
        "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      },
      {
        "label": "UN Treaty Collection, 1968 Convention on Road Traffic: status",
        "url": "https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      },
      {
        "label": "UN Treaty Collection, 1949 Convention on Road Traffic: status",
        "url": "https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsV.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-1&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg5&clang=_en",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      },
      {
        "label": "1968 Convention on Road Traffic, Annex 7 (validity of the permit)",
        "url": "https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1977/05/19770524%2000-13%20AM/Ch_XI_B_19.pdf",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      }
    ]
  },
  "licence_categories": {
    "note": "The Dutch column is the closest Dutch category, not an official equivalence: the RDW decides on exchange what a category becomes, and via the 30% ruling only the categories on the licence come across. During your 185 days, your own licence and its own categories are what count.",
    "reading_note": "Moroccan categories use the letters of the Dutch categories (AM, A1, A, B, C, D); the trailer categories are written EB, EC and ED where the Dutch licence says BE, CE and DE. The RDW's advice to carry an International Driving Permit is for licences whose categories are not labelled A, B, C, D, E, so it does not apply. The page we could read states the categories and the minimum ages, not the weight and seat limits of B, C and D; see the open points.",
    "rows": [
      {
        "code": "AM",
        "means": "From 14: mopeds with a motor up to 4 kW, or an engine up to 50 cc, and a design speed up to 50 km/h; light quadricycles with the same motor limits, up to 350 kg empty and 200 kg of payload.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "AM"
        ],
        "note": "Dutch AM stops at 45 km/h."
      },
      {
        "code": "A1",
        "means": "From 16: light motorcycles up to 125 cc and/or up to 15 kW.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "A1"
        ],
        "note": "Dutch A1 stops at 11 kW."
      },
      {
        "code": "A",
        "means": "From 18: motorcycles over 125 cc.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "A"
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "B",
        "means": "From 18: motor vehicles, and vehicles used to carry goods; the page gives no weight or seat limit.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "B"
        ],
        "note": "The weight limit of the Moroccan B could not be read from an official page; see the open points."
      },
      {
        "code": "EB",
        "means": "From 18: a vehicle with a trailer.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "BE"
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "C",
        "means": "From 21; the page lists C among the other categories without saying what it covers.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "C"
        ],
        "note": "By letter; see the open points."
      },
      {
        "code": "D",
        "means": "From 21; the page lists D among the other categories without saying what it covers.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "D"
        ],
        "note": "By letter; see the open points."
      },
      {
        "code": "EC, ED",
        "means": "From 21; C or D with a trailer, listed without a definition.",
        "closest_dutch": [
          "CE",
          "DE"
        ],
        "note": "By letter; see the open points."
      }
    ],
    "code_78": "If you take the Dutch practical exam in an automatic, the Dutch licence gets code 78: automatic only. Removing it means a new practical exam in a manual car.",
    "document": [
      "A Moroccan licence expires after 10 years and must then be renewed. The code de la route in force since 1 October 2010 replaced the old licences with an electronic licence; a paper licence must be exchanged for it."
    ],
    "open_points": [
      "Every official Moroccan licensing site refused the connection on 8 September and again on 13 September 2026: narsa.ma, khadamatnarsa.ma (NARSA services), transport.gov.ma, equipement.gov.ma and adala.justice.gov.ma (the Bulletin officiel). The table is read from NARSA's road-safety portal, the one NARSA host that answered. It states the categories and minimum ages but not the weight and seat limits of B, C and D, which are in loi 52-05 (the code de la route, article 8) and décret 2-10-311. Re-read those when the sites answer.",
      "The Dutch column is our judgement by letter: EB to BE, EC to CE, ED to DE, and the Moroccan C and D to the Dutch C and D, without having read their Moroccan definitions.",
      "The probationary period of a new Moroccan licence is not on the pages we could read; we state none. No automatic-only restriction is listed there either; none rather than assumed.",
      "The Moroccan AM (up to 4 kW and 50 km/h) and A1 (up to 15 kW) reach above the Dutch AM (45 km/h) and A1 (11 kW); the RDW decides what an exchange gives."
    ],
    "followup": "https://github.com/reede-web/drivingschools/issues/133",
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "NARSA road-safety portal (narsa-securiteroutiere.ma), l'examen du permis de conduire: the categories and minimum ages",
        "url": "https://www.narsa-securiteroutiere.ma/fr/examen-du-permis-de-conduire/",
        "verified": "2026-09-13",
        "side": "foreign"
      },
      {
        "label": "NARSA road-safety portal (narsa-securiteroutiere.ma), échange du permis de conduire: the 10-year validity and the electronic licence",
        "url": "https://www.narsa-securiteroutiere.ma/fr/echange-du-permis-de-conduire/",
        "verified": "2026-09-13",
        "side": "foreign"
      },
      {
        "label": "RDW, rijbewijscategorieën",
        "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/over-het-rijbewijs/rijbewijscategorieen",
        "verified": "2026-09-08",
        "side": "dutch"
      },
      {
        "label": "CBR, wat betekent code 78",
        "url": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/veelgestelde-vragen/wat-betekent-code-78",
        "verified": "2026-09-08",
        "side": "dutch"
      }
    ]
  },
  "worked_example": {
    "note": "Computed by the rules engine for a sample input; your own dates give your own deadline.",
    "input": {
      "issue_date": "2020-06-15",
      "expiry_date": "2030-06-15",
      "brp_registration": "2026-09-01",
      "as_of": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "may_drive_until": "2027-03-04",
    "sentence": "Registered at a Dutch address on 1 September 2026: you may drive here until 4 March 2027 (185 days). After that you need a Dutch licence.",
    "rules_applied": [
      {
        "rule_id": "V-NONEU-185D",
        "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
        "verified": "2026-09-04"
      }
    ]
  },
  "cost": {
    "route": "retest_experienced",
    "currency": "EUR",
    "note": "Official 2026 fees carry their source; estimates and derived amounts are labelled.",
    "totals": {
      "low": 947.4,
      "typical": 1408.35,
      "high": 1916.9
    },
    "items": [
      {
        "id": "health_declaration",
        "label": "Health declaration (Gezondheidsverklaring)",
        "low": 46.9,
        "typical": 46.9,
        "high": 46.9,
        "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "theory_course",
        "label": "Theory course (English, online or one-day class)",
        "low": 30,
        "typical": 50,
        "high": 129,
        "market_estimate": true,
        "source": "https://theory.nl/",
        "verified": "2026-09-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "theory_exams",
        "label": "Theory exam B (English), budgeted for 1.6 attempts on average",
        "low": 57,
        "typical": 91.2,
        "high": 114,
        "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "lessons",
        "label": "Driving lessons (10–20 × €67.00)",
        "low": 670,
        "typical": 1005,
        "high": 1340,
        "market_estimate": true,
        "source": "https://dutchdriverslicense.com/rates/",
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "practical_exams",
        "label": "Practical exam B, budgeted for 1.5 attempts on average",
        "low": 143.5,
        "typical": 215.25,
        "high": 287,
        "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      }
    ],
    "assumptions": [
      "Lesson count defaults for \"experienced driver retesting\": 10–20, typical 15. No official CBR figure exists. School packages for experienced foreign drivers start around 10 lessons (5 if very experienced); the default is the midpoint of the 10–20 band so the headline number is neither optimistic nor scary. The exam tests Dutch-specific behaviour, not whether you can drive.",
      "Lesson price: €67.00/60 min (national median, Rijloket June 2026 survey of 3,520 schools).",
      "Exam attempts are averages, not a prediction: theory 1.6 (from the 35.9% pass rate for English exams in 2025, all attempts), practical 1.5 (our assumption). The low figure always assumes one pass; set whole numbers to plan for yourself."
    ]
  },
  "timeline": {
    "weeks": {
      "low": 8,
      "high": 16,
      "estimate": true
    },
    "steps": [
      {
        "id": "rt-1",
        "title": "Mijn CBR account + health declaration",
        "time": "~4 weeks (CBR processing)",
        "time_is_estimate": false,
        "link": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/rijden-en-uw-gezondheid/gezondheidsverklaring-invullen"
      },
      {
        "id": "rt-2",
        "title": "Book and pass the theory exam",
        "link": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/veelgestelde-vragen/kan-ik-het-theorie-examen-in-een-andere-taal-doen"
      },
      {
        "id": "rt-3",
        "title": "Prepare with a theory course",
        "link": null
      },
      {
        "id": "rt-4",
        "title": "Choose a driving school",
        "link": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/rijschoolzoeker"
      },
      {
        "id": "rt-5",
        "title": "Lessons, then the practical exam",
        "time": "lessons over several weeks; theory certificate stays valid 18 months",
        "time_is_estimate": true,
        "link": null
      },
      {
        "id": "rt-6",
        "title": "Experienced? Plan fewer lessons",
        "link": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "country_notes": [],
  "common_mistakes": [
    {
      "text": "Thinking the 185 days start when you arrive. They run from the day you register at a Dutch address (BRP), and after them a Dutch licence is required.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "Expecting an International Driving Permit to extend the 185 days. It does not; the RDW advises one only so that the categories on your licence can be read.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "Waiting for the 30% ruling before doing anything. The ruling lets you exchange from any country, but only while the foreign licence is still valid and you hold a residence permit, and the 185 days keep running meanwhile.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "Letting the licence expire at home. An expired non-EU licence cannot be exchanged on any route; you would take the exams from scratch.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "RDW, exchange checklist (Dutch)",
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs-omwisselen"
    },
    {
      "label": "RDW, exchanging a foreign driving licence (English)",
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence"
    },
    {
      "label": "RDW, driving with a foreign driving licence (English)",
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence"
    }
  ],
  "terms": "Guidance, not legal advice. Every entry carries the official page it was read from and the date it was read. The RDW checklist is the authority; where the rules encode a conservative reading, the entry says so. When you use this data, cite the page URL and the rules version. Corrections: hello@drivingschools.nl."
}