{
  "site": "https://drivingschools.nl",
  "page": "https://drivingschools.nl/exchange/monaco",
  "checker": "https://drivingschools.nl/check#c=MC",
  "rules_version": "1.2.2",
  "verified": "2026-09-02",
  "code": "MC",
  "name": "Monaco",
  "group": "DESIGNATED",
  "rule_class": "agreement",
  "verdict": "Exchange at the gemeente, no exams. All categories, if the licence is valid and you lived there 185 days in the year it was issued.",
  "exchangeable_categories": "all",
  "licence_script": "latin",
  "answers": {
    "can_i_exchange_it": "Yes, with limits. The Netherlands has an agreement with Monaco: all licence categories can be exchanged, provided the licence is valid and you lived there at least 185 days in the year it was issued. Other categories are lost on exchange.",
    "how_long_can_i_drive_on_it": "185 days from the date you register at a Dutch address (BRP registration). After that, you need a Dutch licence to drive here.",
    "translation": "Latin script: no translation needed."
  },
  "international_driving_permit": {
    "question": "Which International Driving Permit can Monaco issue, and do I need one?",
    "answer": "The RDW never requires an International Driving Permit for your 185 days; it advises one when the categories on your licence are not labelled A, B, C, D, E, so that they can be read. The permit is a translation of your licence, obtained in the issuing country, and it never extends the 185 days. Monaco is a party to both UN road traffic conventions: the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic since 6 June 1978 and the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic since 3 August 1951. Its permit follows the 1968 model: valid for three years after the date of issue or until your Monaco licence expires, whichever comes first. The Netherlands is a party to both conventions.",
    "status": "vienna",
    "vienna_1968": {
      "date": "1978-06-06",
      "type": "accession"
    },
    "geneva_1949": {
      "date": "1951-08-03",
      "type": "accession"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "RDW, driving with a foreign driving licence",
        "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      },
      {
        "label": "UN Treaty Collection, 1968 Convention on Road Traffic: status",
        "url": "https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      },
      {
        "label": "UN Treaty Collection, 1949 Convention on Road Traffic: status",
        "url": "https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsV.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-1&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg5&clang=_en",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      },
      {
        "label": "1968 Convention on Road Traffic, Annex 7 (validity of the permit)",
        "url": "https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1977/05/19770524%2000-13%20AM/Ch_XI_B_19.pdf",
        "verified": "2026-09-07"
      }
    ]
  },
  "worked_example": {
    "note": "Computed by the rules engine for a sample input; your own dates give your own deadline.",
    "input": {
      "issue_date": "2020-06-15",
      "expiry_date": "2030-06-15",
      "brp_registration": "2026-09-01",
      "as_of": "2026-09-02"
    },
    "may_drive_until": "2027-03-04",
    "sentence": "Registered at a Dutch address on 1 September 2026: you may drive here until 4 March 2027 (185 days). After that you need a Dutch licence.",
    "rules_applied": [
      {
        "rule_id": "V-NONEU-185D",
        "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/rijden-met-een-buitenlands-rijbewijs",
        "verified": "2026-09-04"
      }
    ]
  },
  "cost": {
    "route": "exchange",
    "currency": "EUR",
    "note": "Official 2026 fees carry their source; estimates and derived amounts are labelled.",
    "totals": {
      "low": 110.55,
      "typical": 115.55,
      "high": 120.55
    },
    "items": [
      {
        "id": "gemeente_fee_max",
        "label": "Municipal exchange fee (national maximum)",
        "low": 53.65,
        "typical": 53.65,
        "high": 53.65,
        "source": "https://vng.nl/nieuws/rijbewijstarief-2026",
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "health_declaration",
        "label": "Health declaration (Gezondheidsverklaring)",
        "low": 46.9,
        "typical": 46.9,
        "high": 46.9,
        "source": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/service/nl/nl/tarieven-2026",
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "passport_photo",
        "label": "Passport photo (fotomatrix standard)",
        "low": 10,
        "typical": 15,
        "high": 20,
        "market_estimate": true,
        "source": null,
        "verified": "2026-09-02"
      }
    ],
    "assumptions": [
      "No city chosen: the €53.65 national maximum is used; your gemeente may charge less (Amsterdam charges €64.65 for exchanges).",
      "Timeline: RDW decides within 15 working days of a complete application; cities quote 2–4 weeks overall, plus health-declaration processing (~4 weeks) where required."
    ]
  },
  "timeline": {
    "weeks": {
      "low": 3,
      "high": 6,
      "estimate": false
    },
    "steps": [
      {
        "id": "ex-1",
        "title": "Health declaration via Mijn CBR",
        "time": "~4 weeks (CBR processing)",
        "time_is_estimate": false,
        "link": "https://www.cbr.nl/nl/rijden-en-uw-gezondheid/buitenlands-rijbewijs-omwisselen"
      },
      {
        "id": "ex-3",
        "title": "Passport photo",
        "link": null
      },
      {
        "id": "ex-4",
        "title": "Gemeente appointment",
        "link": null
      },
      {
        "id": "ex-5",
        "title": "Hand in your foreign licence",
        "link": null
      },
      {
        "id": "ex-6",
        "title": "Collect your Dutch licence",
        "time": "RDW decides within 15 working days; collect ~5 working days later",
        "time_is_estimate": false,
        "link": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "country_notes": [],
  "common_mistakes": [
    {
      "text": "Counting on all categories coming back. Only the categories on the agreement list are exchanged; the others are waived on a waiver form (afstandsverklaring).",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "Letting the licence expire first. The RDW cannot exchange an expired non-EU licence.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "Forgetting the residency test. You must have lived in the issuing country for at least 185 days in the year the licence was issued.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "Driving past day 185 while the exchange is pending. The 185 days run from your registration; the pending application does not extend them.",
      "source": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence",
      "verified": "2026-09-02"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "RDW, exchange checklist (Dutch)",
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/het-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs/buitenlands-rijbewijs-omwisselen"
    },
    {
      "label": "RDW, exchanging a foreign driving licence (English)",
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/exchanging-a-foreign-driving-licence"
    },
    {
      "label": "RDW, driving with a foreign driving licence (English)",
      "url": "https://www.rdw.nl/en/driving-licence/foreign-driving-licence/driving-with-a-foreign-driving-licence"
    }
  ],
  "terms": "Guidance, not legal advice. Every entry carries the official page it was read from and the date it was read. The RDW checklist is the authority; where the rules encode a conservative reading, the entry says so. When you use this data, cite the page URL and the rules version. Corrections: hello@drivingschools.nl."
}